\n\n
目前认为,HPV 感染是宫颈上皮内瘤变及宫颈癌发生的必要因素,没有 HPV 持续性感染的女性几乎没有患宫颈癌的危险。
\n\nHPV 的感染受到多种因素的影响,具体如下:
\n\n目前最明确的 HPV 易感因素是吸烟,包括吸二手烟。
\n\n饮酒者感染 HPV 的几率会比不饮酒者更高。
\n\n人工流产、刮宫等手术操作后创面未愈合时 HPV 感染的风险会增加。
\n\n性伴侣数量越多,感染 HPV 的风险越高。
\n\n阴道内存在着嗜酸乳杆菌等正常的菌群,提供白带,来维持宫颈和阴道正常的 pH 值,让阴道中正常的菌群能够稳定生存,这些正常菌群构成了阻止细菌病毒入侵的第一道屏障。发生阴道炎症造成菌群失调后,HPV 感染风险会明显上升。
\n\n艾滋病又称获得性免疫缺陷综合征,艾滋病患者的疾病发作期机体免疫力大面积失效,容易造成 HPV 感染。另外,肝炎等传染病也会引起机体免疫力下降。在临床中,我们还发现,器官移植后患者长期使用免疫抑制剂,容易出现 HPV 的长期感染,并且感染多个型别 HPV 的风险升高。
\n\n许多遗传疾病会造成免疫功能的异常。一部分学者认为某些个体可能存在 HPV 遗传易感基因,临床上我们也发现一些姐妹或者母女都罹患宫颈癌前病变和宫颈癌的现象。但是,我们还无法区别这是由于遗传还是由于长期共同生活引起的。
\n\n生殖系统尚未发育完全的女孩和高龄妇女都是 HPV 感染的高风险人群。保护未成年人,关爱老年人,科学地进行生理卫生知识普及是预防 HPV 感染的重要措施。
\n\n如受教育程度较低、营养不良、个人卫生差、月经来潮时间早、长期疲劳、长期使用避孕药物、多次生产等,均可增加 HPV 的易感性。
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