\n
\n\n若您发现自己有如上问题,那么,这些问题在您工作、处理家庭事务,或与他人相处上造成了多大的困难?
\n\n另外,此量表中项目 1 和 4 代表了抑郁症的核心表现,项目 9 代表有自伤倾向,若此 3 项分数大于 1,都要马上就诊。
\n\n声明:此量表用于自测时,评分仅供参考,详细解读应咨询专科医师。
\n\n点击下方链接,可获取您的抑郁指数:
\n\n \n\n贝克抑郁量表(Beck Depression Inventory, BDI)由美国心理学家贝克于1961年编制,并在1996年根据新的诊断标准进行了修订。和 SDS 一样,BDI 可用于患者自评。量表包括 21 个陈述句项目,分值为 0~3分[3]。
\n\nBDI 的计分标准为:将所有项目得分相加即可得到总分,总分的不同范围表示不同的抑郁程度。
\n\nBDI 量表见下文:
\n\n \n\n前面这些可用来自我评估的量表,优点在于比较简单,适合怀疑抑郁者进行初步筛查。但是,测量过程中可能出现理解偏差,造成评估结果误差[4]。在诊断过程中,医生还需要另一类量表——他评量表来帮忙。
\n\n汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)是目前医生使用最为广泛的抑郁障碍评价量表。它包括 17 项、21 项和 24 项三个版本。
\n\n一般采用交谈与观察的方式,由医生根据患者的回答和表现进行评分。评估一次的时间在 10-20 分钟,具有快捷、准确的优点。
\n\n哥伦比亚自杀量表(Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale,C-SSRS)可评价严重抑郁患者的自杀倾向,以及是否有自杀行为。
\n\n该量表由专业精神科医师,根据患者对医生提问的回答进行评分。一旦评分显示有严重的自杀倾向,应采取必要的措施,以保障安全。
\n\n抑郁状态并不只在抑郁障碍患者身上出现,还有一种被称为“双相障碍”的情感障碍类疾病,也常常出现抑郁表现。因此,要诊断抑郁障碍,还需要与双相障碍进行鉴别。
\n\n双相障碍不仅会出现抑郁症状,还会出现与之相反的躁狂或轻躁狂症状,可以使用 HCL-32 和 MDQ 量表进行评估,对临床诊断起辅助作用。
\n\n除了以上常见量表,就诊过程中还可能用到的量表有:
\n\n这些量表对治疗方案的调整和治疗效果的保障发挥重要作用,希望您能配合认真完成。
\n\n共同作者:上海交通大学医学院附属仁济医院心理医学科医生 黎杰
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