\n\n
紫河车(漂白)——中药饮片图
\n\n紫河车是将健康人的新鲜胎盘羊膜和脐带除去后洗净血液、最终经过干燥而制成。在中医里,紫河车是一种血肉有情之品,性温,味甘、咸,归心、肺、肾经,具有温肾补精,益气养血的作用。可以治疗虚劳羸瘦,骨蒸盗汗,咳嗽气喘等病症[1]。癌症患者经过放化疗治疗后,会出现气血亏虚的表现,身体里正气的力量要低于邪气的力量,在这种身体虚弱的情况下医生可能会开具含紫河车的处方来补气血,治虚劳的。
\n\n现代药理学研究也发现紫河车有丰富的药用价值,其中含有微量元素、胶原蛋白、免疫因子、干扰素和多种激素等活性物质,动物实验表明紫河车提取物具有免疫调节、提高耐缺氧能力、抗氧化、促进细胞增殖与新陈代谢等作用[2]。
\n\n癌症患者手术之后,放疗、化疗期间,此时身体虚弱的时候、气血不足,可以在医生指导下服用紫河车来补气血,治虚劳;然而病情稳定之后,以及一些特殊疾病和疾病阶段,是不需要再过多服用紫河车的,甚至服用紫河车还会加重病情。
\n\n紫河车能够滋补气血,大多数人还会认为对女性更需要,前面提到紫河车中确实有很多对抗癌有利的成分,其中包括多种激素,但也含有乳腺癌患者最忌讳的成分,那就是雌激素了。因为高水平雌激素环境是女性乳腺癌发生的危险因素[3],那么在治疗时就需要降低体内雌激素的水平或抑制雌激素的作用。要抑制雌激素就一定要减少雌激素的摄入,此时如果食入大量的紫河车便不利于乳腺癌的治疗。
\n\n中医学中乳腺癌与“乳岩”、“乳石痈”、“乳核”等极为相似。《丹溪心法》中记载:“忧怒郁闷,朝夕积累,脾气消阻,肝气横逆则病乳岩。”强调了乳岩与精神情绪关系密切,因此在治疗上主要以疏肝解郁为主,达到消痰、散结的目的,然而紫河车以大补气血为主,较为滋腻,并不适合乳腺癌的辨证施治。
\n\n因此,紫河车虽然有多种功效,但对乳腺癌患者却是不宜服用的,乳腺癌患者对于含有激素的紫河车的相关制品也都一定要慎之又慎。
\n\n在中医里肺癌称为“肺积”,因为多种外邪也就是致病因素在趁机体正气虚弱时侵犯了肺脏,邪积胸中而导致肺癌的发生[4]。肺癌的发展有不同的阶段,如果肺癌患者刚刚经历手术,受到了创伤,造成了气血两虚、气阴两伤,肺脏以虚为主,对于机体的康复以及放疗、化疗期间增强抵抗力、抗感染,医生可能会开具紫河车用来益气养血,补益肺气。
\n\n然而紫河车性温热,《本草经疏》有云:"人胞乃补阴阳两虚之药,有反本还元之功。然而阴虚精涸,水不制火,发为咳嗽吐血,骨蒸盗汗等证,此属阳盛阴虚,法当壮水之主,以制阳光,不宜服此并补之剂,以耗将竭之阴也。"因此在肺癌的发生发展中,如果证型发展为阴虚内热,也就是出现干咳无痰,或痰少黏稠,口咽干燥,五心烦热等症状,这时就是肺脏津液亏虚而生热了,中医治疗要重视益气阴,清热毒,就不适合服用紫河车这样过于滋腻的补品,否则紫河车的温热之性反而会加重阴虚的症状。
\n\n紫河车对于肺癌患者并不是必要的营养品,也不可长期大量食用,甚至在肺癌的发生发展中服用紫河车反而加重阴虚内热的症状,不利于肺癌的治疗。
\n\n综上所述,癌症患者应该在医生的指导下根据自己所患的癌种和疾病发展阶段进行选择用药,不应盲目服用紫河车等补品。服用补品也一定要控制摄入量,对于癌症患者来说,根本不能依靠服用补品来治疗癌症。
\n\n此外,因为紫河车名贵稀少,市场上会出现很多不良商家销售来源不明的紫河车,因为紫河车来源的母体无法追溯是否健康或存在疾病,并且胎盘需要经过产道,那么母体胎盘就可能被多种细菌污染,也可能会含有相应的病原体,在食用后导致食源性疾病的发生。因此虽然紫河车是补益药材,如果不能保证紫河车的质量的话,食入后反而对身体有害。
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