\n\n
传统抗凝药物的弊端是需要皮下注射,不能口服。更糟糕的是,它们会阻挡太多个“多米诺骨牌”,影响了正常的凝血机制,不利于长期使用。
\n\n近年来,抗凝药物正在不断进步。新型口服抗凝药物发展趋势是作用于单一靶点、安全发挥抗凝作用、便于长期口服。
\n\n在此方面,最新的口服型靶向抗凝药物包括“依杜沙班”、“利伐沙班”和“阿哌沙班”。它们的作用靶点都是凝血因子 Xa,它可是位于凝血因子这条多米诺骨牌上的“匝道与主干道的交叉点”上的,因此相当重要。
\n\n“依杜沙班”和“利伐沙班”的疗效与安全性已经为人们熟知,而“阿哌沙班”在癌症患者体内的实战情况仍然不够明晰。为此,研究者们邀请了一千余名患者参与药物试验,其详细流程如图所示:
\n\n\n\n试验结果显示,口服阿哌沙班的疗效不仅与皮下注射达肝素相似,并且大出血风险也没有增加。在治疗中,分别有 3.8% 阿哌沙班组患者和 4.0% 达肝素组患者发生了大出血。
\n\n该研究的主要作者、意大利佩鲁贾大学内科教授 Giancarlo Agnelli 博士表示:“我们的数据表明,阿哌沙班至少与达肝素一样有效……而且没有增加大出血风险。这对于患者而言,可以免除不必要的麻烦,因为它是口服药,而不是注射剂。“
\n\nAgnelli 博士说,先前的研究表明其他直接口服抗凝剂,例如依杜沙班和利伐沙班的胃肠道出血风险较高,尤其在胃肠道癌症患者中,因此在临床上实际应用受到限制。本次研究纳入的患者中有 1/3 为胃肠道癌,这些患者在服用阿哌沙班后的大出血风险与肝素组没有明显差异。
\n\n相信在下一次治疗指南更新时,口服阿哌沙班会成为一个新的选择。
',image:e,op_class:U.visible=0,copyright_head:e,op_author:{op_doctor:[],op_hospital:N},source:e,diseases:[],releasetime:"2022-03-27",op_sole:0,title:"治疗静脉血栓,癌症患者可有新选择?",op_copyright:e,ref_info:["Cohen AT, Katholing A, Rietbrock S, Bamber L, Martinez C. Epidemiology of first and recurrent venous thromboembolism in patients with active cancer: a population-based cohort study. Thromb Haemost 2017;117:57-65.","Elyamany G, Alzahrani AM, Bukhary E. Cancer-associated thrombosis: an overview. Clin Med Insights Oncol 2014; 8: 129–137.","Key NS, Khorana AA, Kuderer NM, et al. Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis and Treatment in Patients With Cancer: ASCO Clinical Practice Guideline Update. J Clin Oncol. 2020;38(5):496‐520.","Agnelli G et al. Apixaban for the treatment of venous thromboembolism associated with cancer. 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