\n\n
\n\n不要以为我是天生的游泳健将。我出生后,需要在睾丸小叶内的“曲细精管”内需要孕育75~90天才能成熟,待到此时便准备出发开启寻找另一半的旅程:数千万甚至数亿个我们在睾丸集合,一起通过“睾丸输出小管”前往“附睾”,并在这里养精蓄锐,只等一声令下就争先恐后地通过“输精管”冲向新世界。
\n\n\n\n只是,“新世界”的样子未必如我们所愿,我们中有的掉入橡胶套的陷阱——避孕套;有的遇到了洁白的屏障——卫生纸;而我们最想穿越的地方是一条向着光的通道——阴道。这是因为我们一旦离开了输精管,生命的长短会受环境的影响:37℃环境下,一般可以存活4~8小时,在子宫和输卵管里可以存活2~2.5天,在宫颈内可以存活2~8天,若幸运地与卵子结合成了受精卵,那就活得更久啦。
\n\n秘密3:慌乱中,我可能会跑错方向
\n\n欢愉时刻,虽然我们也很想奔跑向我们热爱的那个通道,但有时男主人的膀胱颈不能关闭或膜部尿道阻力过大,我们没有从尿道口向前射出,而是逆行流入到了膀胱中,可怜的我们最后就会随着尿液出去了。出现这种情况,可不能怪我哦,这就是“逆行射精”。
\n\n如果有下面2种情形,就说明我们跑错了方向,再也见不到卵子了:
\n\n1、幸福时刻,虽然有射出我的感觉但就是没有精液排出;
\n\n2、幸福时刻后排尿时,尿液中有黏液或白色絮状物;
\n\n一旦出现“逆行射精”,请小主一定要赶快到生殖医学科就医啊!
\n\n秘密4:自带导航,寻味我爱的卵子妹妹
\n\n虽然没有眼睛,可我却自带“导航装置”,
\n\n厉不厉害,强不强大~
\n\n100多年前,芝加哥大学海洋生物实验室主任F.R. Lillie发现海洋无脊椎动物的卵子,可以释放一种吸引精子的化学因子(带正电氨基酸),在精子尾部有一个根据这种化学因子浓度搏动的装置,精子会追随着这一化学信号游向卵子,这一现象被称为“趋化作用” 。
\n\n2018年,科学家们证实了这一点,而且还发现当该机制(这种接受化学信号后主动朝卵子移动的机制)被关闭后,精子尾部的化学脉冲被抑制,精子就会自己迷路,失去卵子的方向[1]。这跟身不由己被迫他乡,被赶到膀胱里去的“逆行射精”不同,这种情况属于自我导航装置的失效。
\n\n秘密5:抽烟真得会把我们抽“碎”吗?
\n\n小主,别慌,先澄清下,不是我小蝌蚪被“碎尸”了。在我们的“身体”里携带了大量遗传信息的DNA,在发育过成中,遇到有害物质来袭DNA就会碎片化了,而您最爱的香烟中,含有尼古丁、可尼丁、苯并芘、一氧化碳、镉,这些都是常见也最容易伤害到我的,这样就会出现男性不育或导致女方反复流产[2]。
\n\n\n\n秘密6:据研究发现,精子数量在逐渐减少
\n\n英国著名哲学家斯宾塞(Herbert Spencer)在150年前就预言:“人类生殖能力会下降。”
\n\n20世纪90年代也有研究人员发现,人类的总体精子数量确实在下降[6]!尽管不同国家情况不一。我国1985~2008年的数据显示,男性精子水平在这23年间,虽然精液量没有明显改变,精液里含有的精子平均每年下降2.15%[7],照这个速度,我们可能在200年后就要面临灭绝的危机了。
\n\n\n\n秘密7:精液变了颜色要注意!注意!注意!
\n\n精液的正常颜色是灰白色或略带淡黄色,但当变成乳白色或黄绿色,您的生殖道或副性腺可能发炎了;
\n\n如果变成粉色、红色,或者显微镜下能看到红细胞,这是血性精液,也可能是副性腺、后尿道发炎了;
\n\n如果偶尔出现肉眼可见的较深的黄色,那可能是由于排精时间间隔长,这是提醒小主有段时间没有与爱人共度幸福时刻啦,这样的情况会自行恢复,不用太过担心。
\n\n秘密8:正常的精液都有股怪味道
\n\n精液的怪味道和石楠花的花香味道很像,这主要是来源于各种胺类物质:精胺、亚精胺等[3][4]。这种气味主要和前列腺液有关,如果缺乏这种特性气味那才要担心了呢,这常常表示前列腺功能可能受损,无法分泌正常的前列腺液[4]。
\n\n秘密9:结扎以后照样会有精液哦
\n\n结扎不会影响产生雄激素的睾丸间质细胞,小主还会像原来一样产生精子,也就是说我们小蝌蚪的老巢——曲精管还在,只不过通过这个手术截断了我们小蝌蚪的路(输精管)罢了。
\n\n\n\n\n\n事实上,幸福时刻仍会有正常的射精过程。是因为精子和精浆是“分房睡”的,“我”孤单地生活在“蛋蛋”中,精浆主要来自精囊腺和前列腺,而结扎部位正好挡住“我”的去路,幸福时刻,精液照常排出,只是精浆没有了“我”而已。当然,如果有天小主再想要宝宝,做输精管复通就可以啦。
\n\n秘密10:为什么像“果冻”一样的精液会慢慢变成“水”?
\n\n小主幸福时刻,我们被射出后,为了可以在阴道里更好地生存,在精囊凝固酶的作用下会变成“果冻”状,当在阴道中游走了数秒或数十分钟后,又会在前列腺液化酶的作用下变成“水状”,这样我们小蝌蚪才可以更好地施展游泳技术,早日与卵子公主相遇。
\n\n秘密11:精液和花粉一样也会让人过敏哦
\n\n幸福时刻,如果爱人出现呼吸困难、心悸、腹痛甚至过敏性休克,这可能是对精液过敏了。
\n\n我们小蝌蚪自身含有十几种抗原物质,进入女性身体之后,女性的免疫系统会把我们的抗原当作有害物质进行攻击,为了躲避,我们的精液免疫抑制物(SIS)会帮助抗原乔装打扮做掩护,这样我们就可以一路通行啦。
\n\n\n\n课外知识:世界上存活时间最久的精子
\n\n2002年,英国曼彻斯特一名的母亲利用试管婴儿技术顺利生下一名男婴,而她所使用的精子,就是21年前她的丈夫接受睾丸肿瘤手术治疗前所冷冻的精子。随后这一纪录逐渐被刷新。
\n\n2015年澳大利亚一对夫妇用23年前冷冻的精子成功受精,生育了自己的孩子,这个孩子也被称为“最老”婴儿,一出生就23岁!这一纪录也得到了吉尼斯世界纪录的官方认证——世界上最古老的可以生育的精子!
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Nature communications,2018,9(1).","Franken, Daniel R, Oehninger, Sergio.Semen analysis and sperm function testing[J].Asian Journal of Andrology,2012,14(1):6-13.","孙健,谭志国.男性精子DNA碎片研究的相关进展[J].现代医学,2019,47(06):749-754.","Rosenheim O. The isolation of spermine phosphate from semen and testis[J]. Biochemical Journal, 1924, 18(6): 1253.","http://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.1071.html","陶明荣,李学德,何庆鑫.慢性前列腺炎对男性精液质量的影响[J].临床检验杂志(电子版),2019,8(02):115-116.","Swan SH, Elkin EP, Fenster L. The question of declining sperm density revisited: an analysis of 101 studies published 1934-1996[J]. Environ Health Perspect,2000,108(10):961-966.","黄春妍,姚陈均,王春,等.1985~2008年间我国正常男性精液质量变化分析[J].中华男科学杂志,2010(8):684-688."],sourceid:7,copyright_head:s,recruit_diseases:[],recruit_area:[],related_docs:[],info_type:0,recruit_treatment:[],embedVideoId:[],tname:O,authorInfo:{doctors:w,hospital:j}},tname:O,docType:1,diseaseName:s,audioData:w,relatedDocsInfo:[],showFullText:!1,metaDataType:F,darkModeAdtags:[{adtagName:"sys",mode:1},{adtagName:"jingxun.nr.wz.ss",mode:1},{adtagName:"jingxun.nr.vd.ss",mode:1},{adtagName:"jingxun.bk.jb.ss",mode:1},{adtagName:"jingxun.bk.zz.ss",mode:1},{adtagName:"jingxun.bk.sscz.ss",mode:1},{adtagName:"jingxun.bk.jczb.ss",mode:1},{adtagName:"jingxun.bk.xytym.ss",mode:1},{adtagName:"jingxun.bk.xyhxcf.ss",mode:1},{adtagName:"jingxun.bk.zytym.ss",mode:1},{adtagName:"jingxun.bk.zyspm.ss",mode:1},{adtagName:"jingxun.bk.yxmc.ss",mode:1},{adtagName:"jingxun.bk.jj.ss",mode:1},{adtagName:"huawei.push",mode:1}],sourceid:7}],fetch:{},error:w,state:{searcher:s,footer:s,modal:s,topTip:s,focus:!1,getScore:!1,message:{redpointSwitch:!0,redpointNotifySwitch:!0,redpointState:{},redpointNotifyState:{6:0},msgerList:[],msgList:{},tanyiList:[],newStatus:{7:0,8:0,9:0,10:0,11:0}},adMod:{pageInfo:{routeName:F,docid:_},allModsPriorityConfig:{"related-drugs-mod-bottom":J,"drugs-float-capsule-bottom":y,"business-search-recommend":E,"review-doctor-guide":Q,"qb-follow-om-layer":T,"drug-service-float":A,"drugs-float-capsule-right":q,"content-pop-hover":C,"related-drugs-mod-end":W,"card-list":I,"qb-follow-om-top":P,"content-pop-up":L},modsPriorityConfigTree:{"related-drugs-mod-bottom":{path:i,config:J,children:{"drugs-float-capsule-bottom":{path:"related-drugs-mod-bottom/drugs-float-capsule-bottom",config:y,children:{"business-search-recommend":{path:"related-drugs-mod-bottom/drugs-float-capsule-bottom/business-search-recommend",config:E,children:{"qb-follow-om-layer":{path:"related-drugs-mod-bottom/drugs-float-capsule-bottom/business-search-recommend/qb-follow-om-layer",config:T,children:b}}},"review-doctor-guide":{path:"related-drugs-mod-bottom/drugs-float-capsule-bottom/review-doctor-guide",config:Q,children:b}}},"drugs-float-capsule-right":{path:"related-drugs-mod-bottom/drugs-float-capsule-right",config:q,children:b}}},"drug-service-float":{path:r,config:A,children:{"drugs-float-capsule-right":{path:"drug-service-float/drugs-float-capsule-right",config:q,children:{"content-pop-hover":{path:"drug-service-float/drugs-float-capsule-right/content-pop-hover",config:C,children:b}}},"drugs-float-capsule-bottom":{path:"drug-service-float/drugs-float-capsule-bottom",config:y,children:b}}},"related-drugs-mod-end":{path:l,config:W,children:{"card-list":{path:"related-drugs-mod-end/card-list",config:I,children:b}}},"qb-follow-om-top":{path:h,config:P,children:b},"content-pop-up":{path:v,config:L,children:b}},modsPriorityConfig:{article:{"drugs-float-capsule-bottom":R,"business-search-recommend":Z,"review-doctor-guide":H,"drugs-float-capsule-right":M,"content-pop-hover":X,"content-pop-up":G},search_article:{"drugs-float-capsule-bottom":{position:e,input:[],output:[a,u],status:0,visible:0},"business-search-recommend":{position:e,input:[t],output:[u],status:0,visible:0},"qb-follow-om-layer":{position:e,input:[a,t],output:[],status:0,visible:0},"drugs-float-capsule-right":{position:n,input:[],output:[p],status:0,visible:0},"content-pop-hover":{position:n,input:[o],output:[],status:0,visible:0},"qb-follow-om-top":{position:f,input:[],output:[],status:0,visible:0}},drug_combine:{"related-drugs-mod-bottom":{position:e,input:[],output:[t,a,d,o],status:0,visible:0},"drugs-float-capsule-bottom":{position:e,input:[i,r],output:[a,d],status:0,visible:0},"business-search-recommend":{position:e,input:[t,i],output:[],status:0,visible:0},"review-doctor-guide":{position:e,input:[t,i],output:[],status:0,visible:0},"drug-service-float":{position:n,input:[],output:[o,p,t],status:0,visible:0},"drugs-float-capsule-right":{position:n,input:[r,i],output:[p],status:0,visible:0},"content-pop-hover":{position:n,input:[o,r],output:[],status:0,visible:0},"related-drugs-mod-end":{position:c,input:[],output:[m],status:0,visible:0},"card-list":{position:c,input:[l],output:[],status:0,visible:0},"content-pop-up":{position:g,input:[],output:[],status:0,visible:0}},search_drug_combine:{"related-drugs-mod-bottom":{position:e,input:[],output:[t,a,u,o],status:0,visible:0},"drugs-float-capsule-bottom":{position:e,input:[i,r],output:[a,u],status:0,visible:0},"business-search-recommend":{position:e,input:[t,i],output:[u],status:0,visible:0},"qb-follow-om-layer":{position:e,input:[a,t,i],output:[],status:0,visible:0},"drug-service-float":{position:n,input:[],output:[o,p,t],status:0,visible:0},"drugs-float-capsule-right":{position:n,input:[r,i],output:[p],status:0,visible:0},"content-pop-hover":{position:n,input:[o,r],output:[],status:0,visible:0},"related-drugs-mod-end":{position:c,input:[],output:[m],status:0,visible:0},"card-list":{position:c,input:[l],output:[],status:0,visible:0}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