\n\n
是一种更精准的影像学方法,是将葡萄糖(FDG)或与疾病相关的物质标记上放射性同位素,以此作为显像剂,而病灶对这些物质的摄取会发生一系列变化,相当于被装上了“跟踪器”,为医生提供病灶的功能代谢信息。
\n\n用于AD诊断的放射性化合物,除了常用的葡萄糖,还包括能反映AD病理变化的Aβ及Tau蛋白。现有研究认为[1],沉积于脑组织的Aβ是AD的主要元凶,这一变化可在痴呆症状发生前的数年就已存在。因此,针对β-淀粉样蛋白的PET-CT检查能帮医生发现更早期甚至还未发病的AD,为预防和治疗赢得宝贵的时间。
\n\n同样的,Tau蛋白的PET-CT检查也可明确AD诊断,还能帮助鉴别其他类型痴呆。
\n\nPET-CT的优点是:能早期发现AD患者,提高诊断准确度,也可跟踪随访疾病进展情况、判断治疗结果;缺点是:检查费用昂贵,且国内外大多数医院都不具备检查条件,因此仅适用于早期AD的临床研究。如果您的经济条件允许,且AD诊断不够明确,可到大型医疗机构的神经内科咨询,可否做该项检查。
\n\n\n\n遗传假说是AD发病机制诸多学说中的一种。医学上将直接导致AD发生、且具有明显遗传倾向的基因称为致病基因,由致病基因导致的AD被称为家族性阿尔茨海默病,约占所有AD病例的1%或更少。家族性AD往往发病较早,平均40~50岁左右[2]。
\n\n虽说家族性AD的占比很少,可一旦患上,对个人和家庭来说就是百分之百的伤害。因此,部分有AD家族史的人希望了解,自己是否会患上此病,基因检测就可提供答案。
\n\n另外,还有一些基因会增加AD风险,我们称之为“危险”基因或“风险”基因,比如载脂蛋白E基因(APOE)。携带这种基因的人,虽不能说一定会患上AD或其他形式痴呆,但患病风险比常人更大。
\n\n关于基因检测的更多知识,请阅读:
\n\n \n\n值得说明的是,出于医学伦理考虑,目前医学界不提倡对家族性AD进行常规基因检测。而“风险”基因的检查通常要征询医生或遗传咨询师的意见后,才能进行。
\n\n\n\n',tid:6,op_keyword:[],diseases:[{name:T}],releasetime:"2022-01-07",op_sole:0,docid:y,duration:0,image:e,title:"确诊阿尔茨海默病,要做哪些检查?",op_class:0,op_copyright:e,ref_info:["Jagust WJ, Bandy D, Chen K,et al..The Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative positron emission tomography core[J].Alzheimers Dement. 2010,6(3):221-229.","Shea YF, Chu LW, Chan AO,et al.A systematic review of familial Alzheimer's disease: Differences in presentation of clinical features among three mutated genes and potential ethnic differences[J].J Formos Med Assoc, 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